Our time is characterized by the development of globalization processes in economy and industry. Ecological crises, that arise, become global ones being the source or reflection of the social conflicts. Energetic aspect of the ecological crisis reflects the situation that energy production volume does not meet the customers’ demands. According to the forecasts of experts from the Institute of World’s Resources (Washington, USA) oil stock at the existing production rates will run out to 2007-2014, gas stock - in 40 years, coal stock– in the end of the XXI. Under conditions of climatic changes, shifts in the structure of year’s seasons, there appear problems of normal functioning of the existing hydrotechnical (including hydroenergetic) constructions, water-, heat- and power- supply of the distant and developing regions. In the end, these are the problems of stable development of the civilization. This situation dictates the necessarily of working out the strategy of regional development that relies on the development of infrastructure that is determined by power supply. Use of the renewable energy meets the diversification of this problem.
Russia in spite of using renewable energy sources (further - RE) for a long time and a great number of producers of alternative power plants, does not have the All-Russia program for the development of RE’ stimulation, similar to that are in the Germany, US, UK, Japan, India etc. Tomsk Region – is the single Russian object where there is RE law («Law about using of local non-traditional renewable energy sources in Tomsk Region, 2000»), however it does not yet work in practice due to non informativity of people and entrepreneurs, their inertness, relative cheapness оf traditional energy carriers. There has arisen the necessity of creation of regional social centers of civil initiative that will not only be engaged in ecological problems but also propagandize active practical application of the development alternative on the basis of extensive use of resources.
Experimental Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Landscape Ecology (ELRELE) was formed under influence of work of INTERSOLARCENTER (at All-Russian Institute of Agricultural Industry Electrification, Moscow, Russia) and Rocky Mountains Institute (USA) activity [23]. It had been working since 2001 till 2004 as a virtual part of the Non-Governmental Institute of Problems of Sustainable Development. Since 2005 it has been working as the initiative group at the Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems (IMCES SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia). ELRELE is supervised by the Department of Natural Resources of Tomsk Regional Government and INTERSOLARCENTER (Moscow). Among its partners are the Department of Meteorology and Climatology (Tomsk State University, Tomsk) and «LMV Vetroenergetica LTD» (Khabarovsk, Khabarovskiy Region).
The Activity of ELRELE is targeted on study of local distinctive features of nature management, its optimization, research of regional features of nature use and their correction in compliance with industrial- economic development of the region and country as a whole. Main regions of ELRELE’S activity are Tomsk Region and Republic of Altai (Russia). Tomsk Region is the basis for development, spread and practical application of RE initiatives, and the Republic of Altai – mainly for propaganda and further promotion of plans. In this paper we have showed some geographical, technological and administrative aspects of possibility of RE using necessary and development in our areas.
Tomsk Region and the Republic of Altai in spite of the fact that they are far away from each other do have much in common. Their territories are characterized by severe continental climate, large forest-covered areas, marshlands, presence of dense hydro networks, light density of population, considerable percent of which (from 32% in Tomsk region up to 75% in the Republic of Altai) are engaged into agrarian sector of production, existence of great number of minerals (oil, gas, ores, timber, freshwaters, etc.) though very hard to reach and bad connection with main traffic centers of the country. There is observed clearly marked incoming flows of materials, raw material, fuel, foodstuff, etc. that is connected with development of oil and gas fields, forest development. Outgoing good flows are conditioned by export of hydrocarbon, wood and other kind of raw material. Besides low general supply with electrical energy and heat, use of traditional energy, without taking into account social-political and economic changes happened in 1985-1995 cause natural ecological damage to region’s nature and their inhabitants.
Potential geological reserves of hydrocarbon fuel in Tomsk Region - 1,5-2,5 mlrd tons, peat - 28,7 mlrd tons (the 2nd place in Russia). Recoverable oil resources - 333 mln tons, gas - 300 mlrd m3 [28]. In the year of 2001 there was recovered approximately 7,8 mln tons of oil and condensed gas, more than 37 mlrd m3 of free and accompanying gas in the region[29]. But in spite of the presence of active oil and gas fields, oil is not refined at the place, mineral oil is delivered with coal form the neighboring regions. Peat is often found in overwetting conditions when its extraction and moving–out are becoming unprofitable. Gasification of dwelling houses is going actively, under the slogan of gas cheapness, however, prices on petrol and gas respond to world and internal Russian events. Their increase, for example, is indicated due to some events with “YUKOS” company, destroying influence of “Katrina” and “Rita” hurricanes. When Russia enters WTO we are to expect the next jump, now to the level of world prices that will have baneful affects on common people, as well as on small business, first of all – on the agricultural production producers. As a way out from this situation, there is lobbing a project of atomic plant reconstruction in Tomsk region that really gives insignificant energy percent. The main aim of the atomic plant is recycling of armor Pl. At the same time, radioactive remainders are supposed to be buried in valley of river Ob’. But annual emissions of radioactive steams on the reactor of Seversk and Tomsk petroleum chemical plant lead to increase of bronchopulmonary diseases and cancroid diseases of upper respiratory tracts, radioactive nuclide contamination of neighboring lands. Though we do not have means for their rehabilitation. Villages Naumovka and Georgievka that were affected by radioactive cloud in May, 1992 still are not settled apart, and inhabitants continue to live in this small “Chernobil’ ”!
Taking into account nature conditions of Altai Republic and way of life of its population, character of infrastructure, it is expedient to use recreational recourses that is assumed by the priority of the development of such nature management branch as a tourism, and also preservation traditional nature management [21, 30]. But weak infrastructure and power supply on the territory of Altai are the very restrictive factor for the development of recreation [17] in most attractive middle and high mountains belts. As the energy carrier there is used coal and, partly, gas from neighboring regions. Heat-and-power engineering problem forces to conduct the so-called”northern delivery” into the most distant parts of the Republic, on this purpose millions rubles are spent. Coal from Kuznetsk Basin mines (Kemerovo Region) possess a gross content of sulfurous anhydride, ashes of which are the reason for smog over narrow, closed river valley where there is situated Gorno-Altaisk, the capital of Altai Republic, with coal heating in most cases. At the same time, rural inhabitants still continue to use traditional fire-wood and for this purpose thousands of cube meters of wood are cut down. In districts of extreme forest existence (semidesert Chuja Steppe and Kurai Steppe), this problem threatens final deforestation and degradation of unique ecosystems under conditions of climatic warming. At the present moment it is propagandized, with lots of unfair shufflings, building of huge pressure Katun’ hydro-power station (on biggest there Katun’ River). By estimations of independent experts, in view of project estimated performance, economically, it will not cover costs soon, because it is based on calculations of hydrosynoptic parameters that determine average long-term drain that will take place only once in 5-10 years. So its filling and full power capacity operation will be of the same periodicity. The same situation is already observed in Eastern Altai with mini-hydroelectric power station on the left bank of Tchulyshman River. At the same time reservoir of Katun’ hydro-power station will cardinally change the microclimate of resort village Chemal and make it less attractive for tourists and, flood a lot of fertile lands that are very rare and valuable in mountainous valleys.
Besides social inertness towards such projects, ecological illiteracy of specialists, that prepare projects, corruption of officials also play role in their realization that determine ecological safety, and unhealthy “economic” interest of high officials. As a result of Katun’ hydro-power station building it is possible development of strategic fields of W, Mo, Li, Ta, Be and others, that will finally transform «Siberian Switzerland» into one more raw «black hole».
It is reasonable that besides ecological there exist social consequences. For example, destruction of way of life of native inhabitants, their degradation and dying out. There are no special laws in Russia that can protect minor peoples from industry’s tyranny. That is why, besides entrepreneurs (active part of the population), children (receptive part), one of the target groups in RE-propaganda are the representatives of native peoples (part of the population that is subjected to negative civilization expenditures in the most).
Very vast territories of regions with rare weather station-net give us very non-representative information about its climates. And under practical operation of autonomous electric power plants there is a need for determination of expediency of their usage in specific given conditions of the area. All these oblige us to use meteo-data analysis fields methods in order to close «information holes». It allows us to receive general notion about climate of the territory, however, it does not give us adequate picture of climatic peculiarities of local ecotopes. Absence of hydrometric surveys data on distant from economic infrastructure channels (mountainous as well as flat ones) impede us to give real estimation of their energetic potential. It hinders to conduct normal strategic planning of RE development and all economy as a whole. Besides, meteodata is necessary not only to engineers-planners and potential consumers of the renewable energy but also to other interested parties. Under conditions of hydremeteorological service decay in Western Siberia (reduction of regular observation networks in Altai Republic reached 40 %), this very department needs independent meteodata.
Ordinary comparison of the sum of consequences from usage of traditional energy and alternative one shows how the latter is more secure for humanity [1]. But for the effective usage of RE potential it is necessary to have comprehensive data about every of its components as a nature phenomenon that is about their spatial-temporary allocation. Final decision about perspectives of specific ecotopes for placing of RE-plants one should take after detailed examination of their energetic and general resource potential on the level of elementary economic cell [16, 25].
Indicated problems demand development: 1) as the alternative to traditional – essentially, usage of the renewable energy sources; 2) methods of indirect evaluation and cadastre of the potential on the level of ecotopes; 3) legal fundamentals of overall state and local administrative support of the non-traditional energy.
Made use of data acquired on the basis of the analysis of regional network of hydrometeorological service of the Tomsk Region, we will get the following climate characteristics. Quantitative sum of solar radiation per annum comprises 80-83 kcal/sm2 in the North of the Region (Alexandrovskoe village), in middle part (Kolpashevo village) – 87 kcal/sm2, and in the South (Tomsk town) – 90-93 kcal/sm2. Indirectly one can characterize the quantity of solar radiation by duration of solar radiance. For the most part of the territory it comprises 1700-1750 hrs/annum (in Pudino – 1846 hrs/annum). The maximum is marked in June-July annually. High periods of cloudy weather (especially in transitive periods) are not let to use solar energy power plant as main, only as additional.
Average months and annual wind speeds in generally are not a high. The maximum is observed in Ob’, Vasjugan, Ket’, Chulim river valleys (2,5-4 m/sec), average on the region – 2,7 m/sec. Speeds more than 10 m/sec are rare. In accordance with existed investigation [27], wind energy in Tomsk Region can serve as additional source of energy only. Repetition of average wind working speed (3-25 m/sec) for wind-power plants is not exceeding 43%. Thus, zone of maximal density of wind energy coincides with areas of maximal average wind speed (Ob’ river valley).
For Altai Republic we have previously examined climatic data by Chemal, Yailyu and Kosh-Agach villages (two of them are district centers, other two are resorts at the same time Chemal comprises in itself both of roles), and have long-term observation rows [2]. Total solar radiation comprises here 100 kcal/sm2 and more, the duration of solar radiance – 1900-2555 hrs/annum that is positive factor for use of solar electric plants. Repetition of wind working speed for wind-power plants fluctuating by the region from 20-56% (January, July – Kosh-Agach) up to 56-80% (July, January – Chemal).
Subjectively, Republic of Altai has a better potential for RE development than Tomsk Region, without viewing of other features. In Tomsk Region receipt of various kinds of RE is non-uniform in time and in space, and not smoothed out at the expense of mutual overlapping of several sources of RE. However, for real concrete ecotops are needed more exact meteorological investigations. Cited meteorological data usually refer to rare points of regular observations net, located, as a rule in big enough villages. Though for usage of renewable energy source even in traditional nature management and especially in development of recreational activity, extensive interpolations are of sheer necessity. Insufficiency of regular aerography data, low density of weather stations make us to resort to mediate estimation of natural-resort potential of climate by principle of processing of data fields [5, 22]. Unfortunately these methods can not characterize, for example, repetition of flaws that are limiting for operation of wind power plants and especially dangerous events, limiting the operation of electric plants in a complex [3]. The significance of wind-power engineering in high-mountains Altai’ regions is growing, but for estimation of her potential there is a need for special method [22].
Instability of this or that energetic resource in time (cardinal change of wind direction, its speed, (taking into account increase up to limiting not operational)) and repetition; increase in number of days with heightened cloudiness and short longitude of solar radiance; freezing of small channels and etc.), can be overcome by means of combining (into united power system) of [power plants, that use energy of independent sources.
Forest covering of Tomsk Region comprises 58% of it territory, and Altai Republic - about 42%. In 2001 in Tomsk Region there was produced 599,7 thousands m3 of roundwood, 235 thousands m3 of saw timber [29]. Active hole cuttings of wood (148,5 thousands m3 in 1997), especially of cedar, as a valuable sort for production, that is usually lead in river valleys, are not always in compliance with technological plan. That means that there are a lot of timber waste (sawdust, brush wood, bark, fine wood chips), that do deprive landscape its aesthetic attractiveness, that Altai is known for, reafforestation is not always lead, and wood is not always moved out. Besides, nature conditions of Siberia are the reason for destruction of forest due to different factors (outbreak in number and invasion of insects that coincide with wood cutting, fires, windfalls; waterlogging and etc.). By the example of North-Easter Altai we can say that a great number of different factors is the reason for weakening even of undisturbed forests. So in subalpine belt, for example, mechanical damage of trees do have 7,5%-29,5% of Pinus sibirica De Tour trees, on average 5,5% of trees are affected by trunk vermin, sheer signs of rot do have 6,6% (factual affection, at least, is more higher). All these factors as a whole do have significant affects [7].
Very often dead wood is becoming a prey of technical vermin and after that it is totally useless. More over, centers of insects’ number growth are the source of their invasion into neighboring, unaffected plantations [15]. In case of successful and opportune depression of the centers as it is usually occurred in recent time, loss of trees in the affected plantations is not high (not higher than several percents). Mass death of trees and decay of plantations is observed only in the case if forest protection measures were not realized in proper time. It leads to cardinal change of phytocenosis that guarantees absence of repetition of outbreak in this very point, at least during life of modern to it generation of people. Vermin centers on valleys are generated mostly within limits of sub-zone of south taiga (south of Tomsk Region), and in mountains, if there are no fires, – in low highlands and middle highlands (most part of the republic of Altai).
Wastes of timber industry and dead by different reasons trees can be used for production of biogas. At the present moment there is no need in use of gas-generation stations in areas of dead forest (or wood harvesting) (in case of weak damage excluding mass death of trees), or they can be used once – the new will not restore soon on the place of the dead one. From the other hand, transport accessibility of forest of Tomsk Region and the Republic of Altai is very low or al least low (marshland +distance +complex mountainous), that becomes better only in winter time. Absence of permanent population in this situation means using mainly mobile biogas plants and, restrictedly, stationary – for creation of bases with economic functions of wide range, that will become advanced post of complex developing of taiga forests and can be canned if is necessary [18]. In any case it is of high importance from economic and forestry points of view to control forest damage by insects and to use the affected forest at the most. This can partially help to compensate economic losses because of forest death, promote the process of restoration of plants and provide biological and fire safety of neighboring forest areas.
The activity of two groups of insects - phyllofages (damage the photosynthetic apparatus) and xylofages (damage bast and wood) are of interest for the potential of renewable energy. In Tomsk Region and the Republic of Altai there is a row of kinds of such groups, which are able to cause the death of plants (Siberian moth, gypsy moth, Boarmia bistortata beauty moth, European pine sawfly, Monochamus urussovi longhorned beatle, Ips sexdentatus engraver, etc.), technical vermin, lowering value of wood (kinds of Buprestidae, Lymexylonidae, Cerambycidae, Scolytidae and Siricidae), and decal ills stimulating organisms [6, 11, 13, 26].
In Tomsk Region the most well-known case was the outbreak of number of Siberian moth, followed by mass reproduction of Monochamus urussovi longhorned beatle on Ket’-Chulim watershed (in mid-1950th), which caused the death of dark coniferous forest on the area more than 1 million hectares. Among latest events three are appearing of pesthole of Siberian moth (from place to place – together with European pine sawfly) in Kozhevnikovo, Tomsk, Shegarka, Tegul’detsk, Bakchar regions. In northeastern part of the Republic of Altai recently there had been pestholes of Siberian moth, on which periphery pestholes of Monochamus urussovi longhorned beatle and in Central Altai (Ongudai district) – gypsy moth appeared.
Potential «suppliers» of raw materials for biogas power engineering сырья are the decay ills stimulating organisms. Loss of business wood because of decay reaches tens per cent of total volume. Ills in this or that way affect all plants, increasing their influence together with the growth of trees. Besides, strongly affected trees become sensitive to wind. The case of North-Eastern Altai demonstrates that constant affection of firm red heart of Pinus sibirica pine trees varies between 45…66 % [4]. Affection by decays of other species, aspen (Populus tremulae) for example, can reach nearly 100 %. Even respectively resistant Pinus silvestris is often significantly affected. Brown-mottled white rot, affecting forests, consisting of different kind of birch (secondary derivative forests on the place of basic fir-cedar formation) also dooms them to be the potential raw materials for biogas units.
Accurate data concerning wood volume in forests, dying in the result of influence of different factors and combinations of factors, are impossible to imagine due to variety of reasons. Though, one can definitely say that it is huge. Strongly affected forests die. Meadows and swamps may take their places, but even in case the forest restores, this area can not be used for economic turnover for several decades of years, and left stand becomes completely worthless during two-three seasons. Resulting literiness and masses of wind-fallen trees become substratum for development of trunk pests, decay ills, fungus carps.
Stands, formed because of influence of insects, are drawn towards forestry, affected by fires, and wind-fallen trees, and vice versa. During dry years areas of dead or affected by ills forest are highly fire-risky, while considerable amounts of dead wood are being accumulated there. Statistic data, received on enterprises of forestry, indicate on constant appearing of forest arrears, affected by fires and hurricane winds. Their annual area depends, first of all, on weather, and comprises, as a rule, thousand and tens of thousand hectares. But it is impossible to forecast the frequency and recurrence of hurricane winds and fires (extreme temperatures, quantity and periodicity of thunderstorm days etc.) in Tomsk Region and Altai Republic because of rare net of hydrometeorological stations. It is necessary to note a big share of fires, cause by thunderstorms both on Altai and in Tomsk Region.
Not only forest industry, but also farmers are the main suppliers of raw materials for biogas units and gas-generator plants in Siberia reality [12]. A cattle breeding is still one of the important branches of agriculture of Western Siberia. In Altai Republic in comparison to Tomsk Region nomadic cattle breeding prevails; and in Tomsk Region stabling and distant-pasture breeding is more common. For receiving biogas for needs of dwelling house or block of flats as a basis «BGU» biogas plants can be taken, which are produced by the All-Russian Institute of Agricultural Industry’ Electrification (Moscow) for cattle-breeding farms of different size. These plants let to receive from 1,5 to 450 m3 of biogas per day. After communistic giantomania the herds became small, which won’t let to use plants of high power capacity. In Tomsk city there will also be added the household rubbish which is already a problem for city.
300-600 m3 of biogas (170-400 m3 in re-calculation on CH4) with heating value 5-7 kcal/m3 can be received from 1 ton of waste. 1 m3 of gas corresponds to 4 kWt/h of electro-energy. Depending on temperature up to 30% of received biogas is spent on the maintenance of anaerobic fermentation process. Biogas can be used for domestic demand without prior refining. After refining it is quite suitable for usage as petrol (in Tomsk it is now popular to use natural gas for city buses). Anaerobic fermentation provides almost complete disinfection from pathogenic microorganisms, helminthes and weed seeds, and thus formed bottom slime can be used as a cheap natural fertilizer [24].
Because of climate conditions the territories of Tomsk Region and Altai Republic are situated in the area of sufficient moistening. This fact defines the possibility to use micro-hydroenergy. If to take territories under review then among their common problems of micro hydroelectric power stations usage it is necessary to name the following: 1. Great amplitude of water level of small rivers creates uncertainty concerning required position of water turbine. The problem is considerably solved if the river in supposed power site has the shores with big angle of slide. 2. Small angle of slide of the shores with slow deepening from water edge to center of water stream (actual for both big and medium rivers) leads the turbine out of area of significant current speeds or out the limits of water stream even at small level decreasing. 3. In tumultuous mountain rivers with turbulent stream the intensive movement of 5-20 mm debris near the bottom is typical. It is negative for turbine. 4. Rivers with constant flow owning to underground waters as a rule have small slides and low current speeds in riversides. The question is in increasing slides at least at local sites. It can be achieved with the help of dike dams with holes for stand pipes. 5. The lack of complete damming and minimal interference in the natural course of river-bed processes may lead to the necessity of equipment transfer. Intensive regular deformations of river-beds and referred change of low river-bed are most typical for lowland rivers with shores, constituted by easily eroded sand material (0,17-0,75 m/sec [10]); the stability of small mountain rivers depends on the fact, how prone to crushing are rocks, constituting slides and valley-beds. 6. The duration of freezing of Siberian rivers comprises around 5 month in average (November-March), this makes the all-year usage of micro hydroelectric power plants impossible. At the same time their mobility allows to transfer such plants in case of necessity easily.
The rivers of Tomsk Region are lowland; their energy potential is uneven and changes with seasons. Flow of medium and big rivers of Tomsk Region comprises from (Vasyugan river at the Srednij Vasyugan village) to 5480 m3/sec (Ob’ river at the Prokhorkino village) [20]. Data concerning water course during shallow period of year allows to note, that water content of low-water period for north and central rivers of Tomsk Region (Tym, Ket’ and Vasjugan rivers) is less changeable (12-22% of average flow for low-water period) than that of south-eastern rivers with bigger slides (Yaya and Tom’ rivers – 37-48%). In the whole, one should note that low-water course of the majority of medium rivers is enough for usage for hydroelectric needs. So, average low-water flow of the Tym river (Napas village) reaches 54 m3/sec (north of Tomsk Region), on Chichkajul river (Frantsevo village) - 6.5 m3/sec (central part) and 136 m3/sec on Tom'' river (in Tomsk).
Within the limits of Ob’-Tym lowland, as well as on Vasyugan and Ketsk-Tym valleys high speeds during low-water periods reaching 0,8-1.0 m/sec can be noted basically in curve tops of big and medium rivers (Ob’, Chulym, Tym). But the danger of shore erosion is higher on such rivers. Speed of shore contraction comprises in different places from 5 to 25 m/annum [7, 14,]. Speed on small rivers of the same territories decreases till 0,2 m/sec and less. Such water flows can be used in hydro energy only in case there are specific biogenic relief pattern - logjam (accumulation of dead trees), which can be considered as natural dams or sausage dams. Downstream from logjams there are rather long sections with increased current speeds [9]. Similar logjams are common on Ket’, Tym, Kataiga, Lisitsa and other rivers of the Vasyugan and Ket’-Tym plains. Strengthening of logjams from wash-out doesn’t apply additional anthropogenic load on water ecosystems. Logjams hinder navigation of small vessels. If to clear the rivers, representing interest for navigation, from them, one can besides get the fuel for biogas plants. In the whole the usage of micro hydroelectric power plants on rivers of northern and central parts of Tomsk Region without any changing of river-bed’ processes is not very promising. The micro hydroelectric power plants of INSET Company (S-Peterburg) with power 5-10 kW and low stream pressure (2-10 m) can be used there.
Rivers on southeast of Tomsk Region are more favorable for the usage of micro hydroelectric power plants. This is also one of the most developed territories. The average surface slope angles here reach 3-5°, which is enough for small hydropower engineering with water flow from 0,5 to 15 m3/sec and rift current speed up to 0,7 m/sec. These conditions allow to use here, for instance, all INSET units with power capacity up to 100 kW (with high pressure) inclusively. Shapes of local rivers’ beds are stable, while erosion-resistant dense loamy soil and shale constitute the shores.
Hydro energetic potential of Altai Republic is higher: density of river network is 1,0-1,5 km/km2 with steep longitudinal river profiles, summer water-low period is not very typical for these rivers. Approximate evaluation of hydro energy resources may be performed using different techniques for defining the average flow amount without such observations. According to the method of orohydrographic classification of Republic of Altai and Altai Region [19], Kochesh river basin, for instance, is classified as II orohydrographc region. Using equation, characterizing the connection of flow module with the height of water collection, allows to define the flow norm for the Kochesh river: 105 ls/sec·km2, which corresponds to water flow 4,1 m3/sec with average height of basin surface 1400 ms. Such water content is typical for the majority of Altai Republic rivers, and can be used for micro hydro-power plants of low capacity (10-50 kW), for instance, that produced by «LMV Vetroenergetika», Khabarovsk. Further it is supposed to work on detail research of current speeds field in riverside areas on rift plots. To optimize the number of required measurement one of the authors offers the method of current speeds field evaluation by separate measurements [14].
During implementation of renewable energy sources one can forecast the following: the increasing of the population well-being, gradual developing of now-unreachable taiga resources due to developing of small and medium business, lowering of ecological tension due to decreasing of atmospheric emission level (combustion materials of hydrocarbon raw materials and utilization products of some economic waste).
Complex plans of ELRELE activity in the filed of scientific investigations, development of ecological propaganda and consulting for RE for Tomsk Region consists of some stages; namely: 1) creation of the demo-Center with constructive elements of RE on free plot in Tomsk’ sub-urban; 2) propaganda of RE as ecological alternative to traditional and nuclear energy; 3) approbation of some companies’ RE production in concrete conditions of Siberian ecotops, weather observation and RE-consulting; 4) regional estimation and mapping of RE’ nature potential; 5) dealer work for some RE companies; 6) creation of the domestic local RE-industry; 7) lobbying of the development of the Tomsk Region’ RE Law. Since 2003 there is an innovation Center in Tomsk, supporting projects with the participation of foreign partners. We invite all interested persons to take part in mutual research and practical implementation of renewable energy usage.
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28 http://www.tomsk.gov.ru/pls/guber/web.page?pid=69
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Author: V.A. ZAGORULKO, D.A. DEMIDKO, A.V. KHON, N.N. CHEREDKO, BASHUROV S.G.
